Page 94 - Science Course 1 (Book 2)
P. 94
Mo9-L1c: What are the Hydrosphere and Geosphere?
Geosphere
The geosphere is the solid part of Earth, which Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids
includes a thin layer of soil and broken rock material that have crystal structures and def nite chemical
along with the underlying layers of rock. compositions.
A rock is a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals and sometimes other materials such as organic
matter.
There are three major rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks form when molten material,
called magma, cools and then hardens.
Sedimentary rocks form when
forces such as water, wind, and
ice break down rocks into small
pieces called sediment.
Metamorphic rocks form when
extreme temperatures and
pressure within Earth change
existing rocks into new rocks.
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